Dinámicas laborales informales en la región andina: una revisión sistemática de sus determinantes y estrategias de política en Perú, Bolivia y Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71727/disciplinares.v4i3.411Palabras clave:
Trabajo informal, Dinámicas laborales, Políticas públicas, Región andinaResumen
El trabajo informal es uno de los mayores desafíos laborales en los países andinos. En el presente estudio, el término se utiliza de manera técnica para referirse a actividades desempeñadas sin contrato formal ni acceso a protección social. Por otro lado, el término dinámicas laborales hace referencia al conjunto de procesos y relaciones laborales (formales e informales) que configuran los mercados de trabajo. En la INTRODUCCIÓN, se señala que la falta de contratos, protección social y condiciones dignas mantiene a millones de trabajadores en situación de vulnerabilidad, especialmente en Perú, Bolivia y Ecuador, donde la desigualdad, la dependencia extractiva y la debilidad institucional agravan el problema. En el MÉTODO, se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en el modelo PICO-C, analizando población afectada, políticas aplicadas, contextos comparativos y resultados entre 2021 y 2024, mediante fuentes académicas, informes oficiales y bases de datos regionales. Los RESULTADOS muestran que la informalidad predomina en sectores rurales y de subsistencia, pero las políticas varían en efectividad: Perú ha avanzado en inclusión laboral, Bolivia en protección social y Ecuador en incentivos fiscales, aunque la falta de coordinación y sostenibilidad limita su impacto. En la DISCUSIÓN, se concluye que reducir la informalidad exige políticas integrales adaptadas a las realidades locales, fortaleciendo la gobernanza y la cooperación entre Estado, sector privado y sociedad civil para promover formalización, equidad y desarrollo sostenible en la región andina.
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